Articles
Neuroscience-informed writing on how your brain actually works.
Long-form guides and shorter explainers on the conditions we treat — written by Elena Darmos, PhD, and the clinic team. Every article is grounded in current peer-reviewed research and clinical practice.
Adult ADHD
How Adult ADHD Is Diagnosed in Ontario: What to Expect
The full Ontario picture: who can diagnose, how the public and private pathways differ, what an actual assessment involves, and how to prepare.
8 min readAdult ADHD in Women: Why It Gets Missed and What to Look For
Women with adult ADHD are diagnosed later, treated less, and often misdiagnosed with anxiety or depression along the way. Here's why — and what actually helps.
8 min readHow to Get Tested for ADHD in Canada: Pathways, Costs, and Wait Times
The Canada-wide picture on adult ADHD assessment: what's covered, what isn't, why costs vary so much, and what to look for in a defensible assessment.
7 min readTreating Adult ADHD Without Medication: What the Evidence Actually Says
Everything except medication — and where the science actually is on it. CBT has the strongest evidence; mindfulness is promising; coaching is useful but under-studied. Here's the honest picture.
9 min readHow to Know If You Have Adult ADHD
The specific patterns that suggest adult ADHD (beyond 'I can't focus'), why intelligence and success often mask it, and how to think about whether to pursue formal assessment.
7 min readFunctional neurological disorder (FND)
Can You Recover from FND? What the Research Actually Shows
FND is treatable. Recovery is common, though not universal, and prognosis depends heavily on early diagnosis and coordinated care. Here's what the evidence actually shows.
6 min readFND vs. Conversion Disorder: Terminology, History, and What Matters Today
'FND' and 'conversion disorder' are closely related terms with different clinical implications. Here's the history, the current usage, and why the terminology change matters.
5 min readHow Is FND Diagnosed? Positive Signs, Not Exclusion
FND is diagnosed by demonstrating specific positive signs on examination, not by ruling everything else out. Here's how it actually works.
6 min readHow Is FND Treated? Current Evidence-Based Approaches
FND treatment is active, multidisciplinary, and often successful. Here's what the evidence says and what a good treatment plan looks like.
7 min readIs FND Real? Understanding the Neurobiology of Functional Neurological Disorder
FND is real. It's not 'made up.' It's not attention-seeking. It's a specific disorder of brain network function, and the neurobiology is becoming clearer every year.
6 min readPost-concussion syndrome
How Long Does Post-Concussion Syndrome Last? What Recovery Really Looks Like
Most people recover from concussion in 2–3 weeks. About 10% don't. Here's what determines who ends up in the persistent-symptoms group and what recovery looks like beyond the acute window.
7 min readWhat a Neurologist Can — and Can't — Do for Post-Concussion Syndrome
Neurologists are important but not sufficient for PCS. Here's what they can and can't do, and what a complete care team looks like.
6 min readCan Post-Concussion Symptoms Come and Go? Understanding Fluctuating Recovery
PCS symptoms fluctuating doesn't mean you're getting worse or you'll never recover. It's a specific, expected pattern — and understanding it changes how you manage recovery.
6 min readPost-Concussion Syndrome and Depression: The Brain–Mood Connection
Depression after concussion is common, expected, and treatable. It's not weakness. Here's what's happening biologically, why it's part of the picture, and what actually helps.
6 min readIs Post-Concussion Syndrome a Disability? Living and Working With PCS
PCS can qualify as a disability under Canadian law when it substantially limits functioning. Here's how accommodations, LTD, and workplace return-to-work processes actually work.
7 min read